Biography
Amarjargal (Amaraa) Dagvadorj is a medical doctor and scientist specializing in the intersection of public health policy and maternal and child health from the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University, Japan. With an international career spanning Japan, Canada, and Mongolia, she has served as a strategic advisor to national governments, academic
institutions, and international development agencies.
Her primary mission is to address global health and environmental challenges, with a dedicated focus on children’s well-being. Amaraa’s research in epidemiology and health policy is published in internationally recognized peer-reviewed journals, including The Lancet, BMC Public Health, and Scientific Reports.
Beyond her academic contributions, she has bridged the gap between science and governance as a former editor for the Parliamentary Research Service and a peer reviewer for international journals. She continues to provide scientific advise to parliament members on legislative bills, ensuring that national policy is rooted in rigorous evidence.
In the development sector, Amaraa has led community-based health initiatives at international organizations such as Breathe Mongolia and People in Need. These roles have refined her expertise in resource mobilization and the cultivation of strategic partnerships across the public and private sectors. As a passionate advocate for science communication, she frequently collaborates with media outlets to elevate the social influence of researchers and promote data-driven decision-making.
As a member of the Global Young Academy and former co-lead of its Global Health working group, Amaraa’s leadership has been recognized globally. She was honored as a Young Physician Leader by the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) at the World Health Summit and served as a Sigrid Rausing Visiting Fellow at the University of Cambridge.
M.B.A. Currently pursuing MBA degree at Devry university, Chicago, Illinois
M.S.; National Chiayi University; Chiayi, Taiwan
B.A. in Education; Mongolian National University of Education; Ulaanbaatar; Mongolia
I earned my bachelor’s degree in 2009 as a Russian and English teacher. Since then, I have
been teaching all level of ESL classes from young to adult students. After a few years of teaching,
I decided to study again and enrolled National Chiayi University in 2015 and graduated with
master’s degree in tourism and management in 2017. While I studied there, I did a research work
on e-learning system continuance intention and the importance of two-way knowledge creation
between teachers and students.
In 2019, I enrolled in Devry university to earn master’s degree in business administration
and will graduate soon.
In my free time, I teach Mongolian language to foreigners from all around the world. In
general, I love teaching and helping people with what I know.
Biography
Enkhbaatar Tseveen was Head of Technology Management Department at School of Business Administration and Humanities of Mongolian University of Science and Technology from 2017 to 2018. Since 2018 is working as professor at the same department.
Professor Enkhbaatar is specialized in principles of Principles of Management, Organizational behavior, Production and operating management, Safety management. His primary research area is Production Management and Planning and Occupational Safety. He has published his works in many academic journals of Mongolian and Foreign universities. He is also expert consultant for numerous business organizations in the area of Management and Occupational Safety.
Professor Enkhbaatar received his Bachelor of Arts in Management and got doctor degree at The Management Academy in Mongolia. Professor has professional experience working as a manager at Montavilga LLC from 1991 to 2001.
Areas of expertise: Production management and planning
Selected publications:
Dissertation (Ph.D)
“Improving the production management of the export-oriented sectors”, Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Academy of Management, 2007
Research for industrialization in Mongolia, 2010• Research for export-oriented production management, 2008• Improving the export-oriented production management, 2007
Published articles, reports
Awards:
Education
M.Sc.; National Chiayi University; Chiayi, Taiwan
B.B.A in Financial Management; Global Leadership University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Biography
Enkhmurun Odgiiv is an experienced manager, educator, qualitative researcher, team leader in tourism, marketing and general management, beauty, medical education and logistic industries. Her professional background includes the research assistant in medical education professionalism and ethical dilemmas at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University and she has done her Master’s thesis as ‘Re-conceptualization of Tour Leader’s Charisma’. She has
also organized several Fine-Art exhibitions presented by Mongolian artists.
Additionally, she was tour leader and manager at Mongolie Nomade, inbound travel agency providing adventure tours and horseback riding travel. She also founded her own travel agency in 2013 after her graduation which she has managed until 2016. She has also managed private luxuries Spa club. Moreover, she has also managed logistics and customs of Mongolian duty-free goods distribution system at Prestige Supplies inc based in Dubai. She also started teaching from her undergraduate years. She has served as youth ministry leader almost 3 years at Every Nation Christian church Mongolia where she led small groups, one to one discipline as well as meetings for all teenagers in the church.
She also volunteered her time improving the lives and the quality of poor and lower-income students which she has given foods, clothes as well as teaching lessons. She has been actively teaching English and Tour Leader’s course for adults. She has given several lectures about Mongolian history, Mongolian travel
routes, Asian travel routes as well as fish theology to the native speaker ESL teachers.
Education
D.B.A.; Argosy University; Orange, CA
M.B.A.; Argosy University; Orange, CA
B.S. in Civil Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara, Turkey
Dr. Seyed Ghoraishi has over 25 years of engineering, project management, and project controls experience.
Biography
Dr. Ghoraishi worked as a Project Control Engineer Consultant at Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), Southern California Edison (SCE) & LA Metro in planning and controlling actual vs. plan of any construction performance using Earning Value Technique. He is an expert in using Primavera Oracle P6. He can plan construction projects, detect the variances during the course of construction, forecast final project budget and finish date.
Dr. Ghoraishi served as Civil Engineer Supervisor at Khorasan Petrochemical Company in Iran. He was Project Manager of Bojurd Airport, a medium airport type (BJB), from start to finish. He has strong computer skills with MS Word, Excel, Power Point, Visio, Access, Expedition, Prolog and Adobe Acrobat.
Dr. Ghoraishi has PE and Building Certificates. He is currently operating his own Design/ Build company in Southern California.
Dr. Ghoraishi has a great passion for teaching management and leadership courses in business development. He has joined Westcliff University as an adjunct professor since 2019.
Biography
Otgon Tserennadmid was Dean and Professor of Accounting at Business school at Global Leadership University from 2011 to 2020. Professor Otgon is specialized in managerial accounting, financial accounting, cost accounting, intermediate accounting and financial statements analysis. Her primary research area is Productivity Management of Higher Education.
She has published her works in many academic journals of Mongolia universities. She is also expert consultant for numerous business organizations in the area of accounting and tax laws.
Professor Otgon received her Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Accounting at Trade and Production University in Mongolia and is studying at Doctoral Program of Ulaanbaatar Erdem University. Professor Otgon is also a licensed C.P.A. in Mongolia and has professional experience working as a financial accountant at Montavilga LLC from 2001 to 2009.
Areas of expertise: Productivity management of Mongolian higher education
Selected publications:
Multiply Authors:
Awards:
Biography
Greetings to all! My name is Rachel West. I am originally from a little town on the coast of South Africa. It’s too small to have any banks, schools or bookstores, but it does have the mountains, the sea, and penguins. I often go cycling with my dogs on the weekend, or do crafts with my family.
Teaching has offered an insight into the delightful minds of the youngest generation. Every student I’ve met has shown that they have potential to make an impact on this world we share. I hope to foster that curiosity and give them the best possible opportunity to engage with the overwhelming amount of information thrown their way. I hope they’ll be able to look at that information with a critical eye and apply it to their own situations. I hope to encourage them in their learning!
Education
Ph.D., Walden University
M.Phil., University of Oxford, England
B.Sc., University of Salford, England
Biography
Dr. Sharifzadeh has been serving as dissertation mentor, dissertation chair, dissertation committee member, and University Research Reviewer as well as teaching courses in finance and quantitative research since 2001 at various universities. Dr. Sharifzadeh has over 25 years of experience teaching courses in finance, statistics, research methods, and mathematics. While keeping his affiliation with academia, Dr. Sharifzadeh has been engaged in investment management and research for the past 25 years and he holds the charted financial analyst (CFA) and the certified financial risk manager (FRM) certifications. Dr. Sharifzadeh has published articles in several peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Asset Management, the European Journal of Business and Management, International Business Research, the Accounting and Finance Research Journal, the International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, and the African Journal of Business and Economic Research.
Biography
A Forbes 30 Under 30 honoree and multi-award-winning social entrepreneur from the Philippines.
Education
Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership; Northcentral University; San Diego, CA
M.B.A.; Saint Leo University; Saint Leo, FL
Bachelor of Business Administration; American Intercontinental University; Hoffman Estates, IL
A.A. in Business Administration; American Intercontinental University; Hoffman Hills Estates, IL
Biography
Joseph Siegmund has received his Ph. D. in Organizational Leadership from Northcentral University, Master of Business Administration from Saint Leo University with concentration in Management and Bachelors in Business Administration from American InterContinental University with concentration in Organizational Psychology and Development. In addition to these academic achievements, Dr. Siegmund has 20 years of hands on business experience in operations, management, human resources, new business development and strategic growth planning.
Dr. Siegmund’s professional business experiences include working in Client Services for a tax and Payroll Company, Owning and Managing two startup heating and air conditioning companies in Southern California, National Sales Manager for an international controls company and currently as the Vice President of Operations for same international controls company. Dr. Siegmund enjoys developing and growing new business concepts from inception to market.
Dr. Siegmund has been a volunteer with the Boy Scouts of America since he turned 18 and became an adult according to the BSA rules. As a scout, Dr. Siegmund attained the rank of Eagle Scout, the highest rank in the scouting program, and currently participates in the scouting program with his 3 sons. Scouting has provided many opportunities for Dr. Siegmund to participate in the training and development of both scouts and adult scout leaders, and he has assisted in the development of new training protocols. Dr. Siegmund also enjoys golfing, scuba diving, backpacking and skiing as often as he, his wife and children can make the time to play.
Dr. Siegmund looks forward to participating in the education process and desires to facilitate learning through interactions with students, utilizing the insights and thoughts developed in the classroom to form synergy between the students and instructor.
Biography
Sodbaatar Sandagdorj is an accomplished leader, educator, and mentor with more than 25 years of experience spanning organizational leadership, academic development, pastoral ministry, and the performing arts. His career reflects a deep commitment to developing people, strengthening communities, and building values-driven organizations across both local and international contexts.
He is currently pursuing a Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.) at International American University, USA. He holds a Master of Arts in Intercultural Organizational Leadership from Faith International University, along with bachelor’s degrees in Psychology from the University of Psychology and Sociology in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and in Theology from Union Bible Theological College, also in Ulaanbaatar.
Sodbaatar has held numerous influential leadership roles throughout his career. He currently serves as a Board Member of Domestic Kindness Nonprofit in Los Angeles and as Board Chairman of Transformation TRACC in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, a recovery and rehabilitation organization dedicated to transforming lives. From 2021 to 2025, he served as East Asia Regional Director for Youth for Christ International, following his role as Founder and National Director of Youth for Christ Mongolia from 2013 to 2021, where he played a key role in developing youth leadership initiatives nationwide.
In the field of education, he served as Dean of Students and Instructor at River of Life Bible School in Ulaanbaatar from 2009 to 2020, mentoring and equipping the next generation of leaders. Alongside his academic and organizational work, Sodbaatar dedicated over two decades (1998–2020) as a Pastor at Amid Ug Christian Church, providing spiritual leadership and community guidance.
Earlier in his career, he was a professional artist with the Mongolian State Circus from 1990 to 2003, an experience that shaped his discipline, creativity, and global perspective.
His contributions have been recognized through several prestigious honors, including the 2024 Leading Worker of the Mongolian Cultural Sector, the 2023 Ten Years Service Award from Youth for Christ International, the Silver Lion Award at the 1998 International Circus Competition, and Second Prize at the 1993 Mongolian National Circus Festival.
Through a unique combination of leadership, education, ministry, and artistic excellence, Sodbaatar Sandagdorj continues to inspire and equip individuals to create meaningful impact in their communities and beyond.
Education
Ph.D. in Civil Engineering; Gazi University, Turkey
M.Sc. in Civil Engineering; Middle East Technical University
B.Sc. in Civil Engineering; Middle East Technical University
Certification in Business Administration & Management for Engineers
Biography
Gurkan Suzer is an outcome-driven and creative-thinking Senior Executive and Consultant with expertise in international business, international sales, cross-cultural relationships, networks and connections, sourcing, imports and exports, project development and management, strategic planning, business analysis, market research, new market penetration, sales management, program management, event management, European Union, contract negotiation, government liaison, customer relations, business development, budget management, employee training, public policy, operations management, and diplomacy. With more than 20 years of experience within the public relations, logistics, consumer goods, supply chain, trade shows, and exhibitions industries, Gurkan has created a significant network of business contacts and partners across the globe.
From 2011 to 2015, Gurkan held the position of Commercial Counsel for the Turkish Consulate in LA. During his tenure in this role, he actively participated in and presented at conferences and meetings at universities, business schools, and Chambers of Commerce to promote Turkey and the Turkish economy. He developed and introduced the Tuesday Seminar Program, a successful networking and fundraising event, and created a monthly newsletter bulletin to keep subscribers current with news and events in relation to the Turkish and American economies. He organized 5 trade mission programs for the Minister of Economy and Minister of Science and Technology to attend C-level meetings and events at business facilities in San Francisco and Seattle, which included Google, Apple, Intel, Cisco, Boeing, and Microsoft. Gurkan cultivated relationships and affiliations with key entities within the economic sphere including Chambers of Commerce, world trade centers, and state economic departments.
Gurkan served as Head of Department of Exhibitions with the Ministry of Economy in Turkey from 2010 to 2011 where he managed relations between government and exhibition organizers, designed and rolled out the first-ever program to educate employees on global exhibition policies and objectives, and mentored colleagues and specialists. He led a team of 12 professionals, oversaw a multi-location team of 100 employees, and managed a budget of $50 million.
Gurkan is the author of the book, Rusya’da is Yapmak (Doing Business in Russia), a publication designed to help students understand the trade process with Russia, and he has penned multiple articles and features for industry publications.
Gurkan graduated from Gazi University in Turkey in 2011 with a PhD in Civil Engineering. He attained his MSc and Bsc in Civil Engineering from Middle East Technical University (METU). He holds certification in Business Administration & Management for Engineers.
Education
Master of Arts in International Relations (Development & Sustainability/Southeast Asian Affairs); Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies; Washington, D.C.
Bachelor of Political Science in International Relations and Diplomacy Studies; Jusuf Kalla School of Government; Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Politics, Philosophy, and Economics; University of Pennsylvania, Fall 2021
International and European Affairs; Adam Mickiewicz University, Spring 2021
Biography
Syahpati Alfatarah holds a master’s degree in International Relations at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), specializing in development, sustainability, and Southeast Asian affairs. He has a strong background in policy-relevant research and has worked across think tanks, government institutions, and international organizations on issues including social and economic development, communications, digital policy, and youth engagement. His experience spans policy research, government consulting, and leading development and education initiatives across regions, including Southeast and Northeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas.
Syahpati is particularly interested in Southeast Asian affairs, development cooperation, sustainability, and the intersection of policy and social impact.
Education
Ph.D. in Engineering Management/Operation Research/Strategic Operation Management, MMU, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
M.S. in Industrial Engineering/SCM& E-Business Technology, Database Management Tehran, Iran
B.A. in Industrial Engineering/Safety Engineering, Kar University, Qazvin, Iran
Biography
Dr. Tehrani graduated from Kuala Lumpur in 2017 with a Ph.D. in Engineering Management/Operation Research/ Strategic Operation Management. She started teaching in higher education at the graduate and undergraduate levels in 2009. She did work as a national research science and project coordinator in 2000. She is involved in many National projects and program management in IRAN. She has worked in the automotive, semiconductor, and service industries in Asia. She worked in NASA, X- SPACE, Lockheed Martin, and Aviation and Aerospace projects. Also, she is a trainer for self-development and self-actualization. Besides, she also has passed training courses in advanced teaching and communication, financial planning, Customer service, Health and Medical Management, Leadership, and marketing.
Expertise Area: IT and security, Networking and communication, MIS, IT Project Management, System engineering, Human factors and safety engineering, Environment management, leadership, and strategic Decision Making, Organization Management, Data Analysis and Data Science, operation Management, quality management, and six sigma, E-commerce & E- Business, Technology and innovation management, Statistics and data management, logic design and Design Management, Supply chain, logistic, CRM, ERP, MRP, Inventory Management, Database Management.
Dr. Tehrani also served on dissertation or thesis committees from 2009 (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods). She has hands-on business experience as a problem solver and advanced training in operations management and Lean Six Sigma, continuous improvement (Kaizen), cost control, and optimization since 2000.
Biography
I was a student at the Hanoi University of Business and Technology. I majored in Finance and Banking as I am highly interested in research finance. I participated in extracurricular activities, such as the student union and the computer club. Owing to these opportunities, I was elected as a student representative of the student union. My duty was to manage all the expenses of all students’ activities.
In 2010, I have been hired as part-time Personally Financial Consultant for Sacombank. It is one of the most famous banks in Vietnam. My work is consulting customers about required documents to borrow or lend money. After I graduated, I worked for Thang Long Ford Corporation as an accountant till 2012. During working, I realized that my knowledge still limit and Vietnam working environment have not internationality yet. Therefore, I decided to study on aboard. I choose Chung Yuan Christian University, in Taiwan for Master Degree of International Business Administration. This school was encouraged and supported me a lot to do research. They provided me (Distinguished International Student Graduate Scholarship) DISG scholarship, the one that Chung Yuan Christian University offering for qualified International students. In the second year of Master Degree I started to work with my thesis in International Financial field. I was tried to examine the international financial linkages between East-Asian countries and the world by using a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) approach. After one month of hard working, I finally got the results. Moreover, my paper was accepted at the Cambridge Business & Economics Conference, in Cambridge University, London, UK.
In September, 2017, I got a Distinguished International Graduate Scholarship (DIGS) for Ph.D. grogram from Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan. Until December, 2022, I received the Doctor degree in Industrial and Systems Engineering, with DISTINCTION at Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan. My doctoral thesis titled “Reliability Evaluation of Battery-Energy-Storage and Solar-Energy-Generating Sources in Microgrids under Dynamic and Transient Operation”. My current research fields include quality management, operation management, supply chain management.
Biography
Uyanga Burentugs is the Foreign Affair’s manager of “OG Family” LLC, a trading company that imports and sales products for Mongolian kids. Uyanga specializes in management of International business and establish relations with external suppliers and customers. Uyanga is a powerful force in the workplace and uses her positive attitude and tireless energy to encourage others to work hard and succeed. Uyanga is inspired daily by her husband daughter. In her free time, Uyanga likes to read novels, learn Chinese and swimming.
Biography
Versatile, innovative and committed professional educator with dynamic practical experiences who aims to create a friendly, gender-sensitive, inclusive, safe and motivating space for diverse learners.
Welly Arzaqi Nafiatin is a passionate, energetic, self-motivated with an outgoing personality and commitment to success. She holds master degree certificate in Tourism Management and has been an ESL teacher for the past 2 years. Welly has worked with students of all ages and in a variety of settings including one on one private instruction, private schools, and online. Welly enjoys working with people from diverse cultures. Able to work under pressure, on own initiative, and as part of a team. Proven analytical thinking in dealing with complexities.
Apart from teaching, she worked for Taiwan government-owned heritage and cultural center to promote local cultures and to guide visitors. She also did remote job at the only native-owned learning language App company based in Canada, the industry leader in language revitalization and innovation across Canada and USA. Beside all of her experiences above, she worked as a volunteer teacher at some foundations teaching English to low-litearcy people. She believes that both her professional experiences in hospitality and teaching field, she has to deliver what she has learned in the university to be applied as a gift to the people in need.
She is a communicative person. Her goal is to guide young learners towards reaching their full potential by understanding, utilizing, and innovating modern approaches to education.
Her work history is somewhat diverse, but she has been successful in every job. She is able to thrive in many different situations, a quality that is due somewhat in part to her lengthy amount of time spent living in cross-cultural situations. Multiculturalism is a lifelong passion of her, but she also enjoys jobs that use of her creative talents. However, Welly is confident of her ability to succeed in just about any job situation.
Biography
Wisma Goulart Urcine is a Coolhunter, Creative Director, Brand Strategist, and Business Consultant with over 15 years of experience leading branding, digital transformation, and growth strategies across multinational corporations and more than 450 small and mid-sized enterprises in Latin America and Europe.
She currently serves as Head of Social Media Management & Brand Strategy at Oui. Agency, where she leads consultancy projects spanning Campaigns, Consumer Behavior Research, Coolhunting, Branding, Growth Marketing, and Business Strategy. Her client portfolio includes organizations such as Meta, Recode, Pipefy, and WECO, among others.
Prior to founding her own agency, Wisma built a strong corporate career at Votorantim Cimentos, where she was selected from a pool of over 30,000 candidates for the company’s trainee program, became a team leader at the age of 25, and was responsible for the pricing strategy of an annual revenue portfolio exceeding USD 200 million.
A member of Mensa — an organization that brings together individuals scoring at or above the 98th percentile in standardized intelligence testing — Wisma combines sharp analytical thinking with creative vision in both her professional and academic work.
She is a Fellow of United People Global and the Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens, recognized for her contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, with a particular focus on Gender Equality (SDG 5). She founded Dona de Mim, a women’s movement that grew into a community of over 13,000 members across Brazil and Mozambique, training more than 3,000 women in Digital Marketing and Personal Development. Throughout her career, she has mentored over 6,000 women through one-on-one career consulting programs centered on leadership, strategic growth, and economic autonomy.
Her global perspective is shaped by experience across more than 65 countries, bringing deep cross-cultural intelligence to her approach to strategy, behavioral analysis, and innovation ecosystems.
Biography
Yonathan Wiryajaya Wilion is a highly accomplished Jakarta-based professional with a rare blend of legal, accounting, and financial expertise. He holds dual bachelor’s degrees in Law (cum laude) and Accounting from the University of Indonesia, an LL.M. in Intellectual Property and Technology Law from the University of Pennsylvania, and a Master of Notary from the University of Indonesia, achieving strong GPAs across all four degrees.
His career spans both law and finance: he began as a paralegal intern across corporate, litigation, and bankruptcy law firms, before transitioning into financial auditing at Ernst & Young and subsequently PricewaterhouseCoopers Indonesia, where he currently serves as an Assurance Associate in the Financial Services division. Alongside his professional roles, he is a lecturer in Money and Banking and Business Law at Orange County University Mongolia.
A decorated academic competitor, Yonathan has won numerous national and international case competitions and scholarly contests, including first-place finishes in national scientific paper and accounting skill competitions, a top finish in the Ministry of Finance’s Road to Indonesia G20 Presidency Call for Paper, and a finalist placement in the Stanford Longevity Design Challenge, competing among teams from over 33 countries.
His breadth of credentials, spanning notarial practice, tax management, intellectual property law, and financial auditing, positions him as a uniquely versatile professional at the intersection of law, business, and finance.
Education
Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership with IT Concentration: University of Phoenix
M.B.A. in Business Administration: University of Phoenix
Biography
Dr. Jinan Ziade earned her doctorate in Organizational Leadership with a concentration in Information System Technology from the University of Phoenix (UoPx). She holds an MBA and BIST. Also, a Graduate Executive Leadership Transformation Certificate in Strategic Diversity and Inclusion Management from Georgetown University. Additionally, she is a postdoc research fellow and an active research member of the Center of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research at UOPX Research at UoPx. She has published several journal articles that have also been presented at national and international conferences (ASEE, ICSB, among others). Dr. Ziade was invited to serve as an abstract reviewer and conference moderator for ASEE.
Dr. Ziade has over ten years of experience teaching in the Business and Management department and has proficiently guided scholars across multiple universities in helping students complete their graduate degree requirements. She has actively engaged in various scholarly pursuits, including leading the yearly research symposium, undertaking responsibilities related to curriculum development and course plans, supervising graduate students in their dissertations, and conducting field workshops for students. Moreover, she has taken part in specialized projects involving higher-level change through engagement in system task forces, evaluating learning outcomes through assessment reports, and compiling documentation to secure global accreditation (ACBSP). She was involved in Affiliate Institutions (AI). Also, Lead Faculty Coordinator (LFC) for guiding & mentoring the newly hired bilingual faculty. She led academic projects and extended short-term programs (STP) in MENA and Africa.